(1791-1867)

Michael Faraday, a scientist in England best known for his experiments in the field of electricity, was one of the first scientists to explore turning gases into LIQUIDS. Faraday tried making gases like carbon dioxide (CO2) into liquid by heating them. During this period, he invented a metal tube with a diffuser at the top. Gas was fed through the tube and was ignited at the diffuser tip. Sound familiar? Right, the Faraday burner - actually to this day called the Bunsen burner. (See: Bunsen)

Faraday soon found out that heating gases didn't turn them into liquids. They did other things though, like...EXPLODE! Heating gases didn't liquefy them, so Faraday decided to reverse his way of thinking to the other extreme - cooling. He successfully cooled carbon dioxide to its liquid point, and found that the technique also worked with many other gases.